Friday, December 27, 2019

Other Descriptive Research Methods - 996 Words

Other Descriptive Research Methods l Developmental research l Case study l Job analysis l Observational research l Correlational studies ~Developmental Research l Is the study of changes in behaviors across years. l Infancy, childhood, adolescence, as well as, elderly.ï ¿ ½ The total human life span. l Longitudinal ï ¿ ½ follow same individuals over time l Cross-sectional ï ¿ ½ select different participants at each age level ~Longitudinal designs l Are time-consuming l Drop out rate l Participants become increasingly familiar with the test items l Items may cause a change in behavior ~Cross-Sectional Studies l Are less time-consuming l A cohort problem exists: are the environmental circumstances†¦show more content†¦Ergonomics ~Observational Research Provides a means of collecting data by observing peoples behavior and qualitatively or quantitatively analyze the observations. The Questionnaire and interview are the participantï ¿ ½s self-report. ~Methods of Observational Research Behaviors to be observed ï ¿ ½ operationally defined Who will be observed is part of the sampling method The Setting ï ¿ ½ natural or unnatural, observer participation, behavior related to setting. Number of observations ï ¿ ½ related to time constraints and the behaviors Scoring the Observations: Computer assisted Narrative, or continual recording ï ¿ ½ records in sentences as they happen; slowest, least efficient Tallying, or frequency counting ï ¿ ½ record each occurrence of a certain behavior in a certain period. Interval method ï ¿ ½ does the certain behavior occur in a certain time period Duration method ï ¿ ½ A timed behavior by using a stop-watch or other timing device to record how much time an individual spends engaged in a certain behavior ~Videotape for Observation Can observe many students simultaneously Can take time recording the occurrences of specific behaviors Must set up the camera so that there is sufficient field of view, while being able to see the behavior. Proper lighting, etc. ~Weaknesses of Observational Research Operationally defined behaviors Using observation forms effectively requiresShow MoreRelatedDescriptive and Inferential Statistics955 Words   |  4 PagesDescriptive and Inferential Statistics Statistical methods in psychology have two main branches, which are descriptive and inferential. They each play a major part in the data that is collected for research and other studies. This paper will show the functions of statistics, how descriptive and inferential statistics are defined and the relationship between the two. Statistics is a necessary tool in psychology. It provides data for research studies as well as providing background information andRead MoreDescriptive Research Method1058 Words   |  5 PagesDescriptive Research Methods (Ch. 12) Case Studies: Detailed analysis of a single (or limited number) of people or events. Case studies are usually interesting because of the unusualness of the case (Three Faces of Eve, Mind of a Mnemonist) and/or the detail and apparent insightfulness of the conclusions drawn by the writer (e.g., Freud’s cases such as ‘Little Hans’). The major problem with case studies is the problem of objectivity. The person who is presenting the case usually has some theoreticalRead MoreDescriptive and Inferential Statistics1122 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 2 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Descriptive and inferential statistics are incredibly similar forms of research testing within psychology. Each seeks to analyze, describe, and possibly predict a population’s behavior. As with psychology itself, statistical analysis within psychology began as a philosophy (Goodwin, 2008). This philosophy quicklyRead MoreDescriptive Research Article1530 Words   |  7 PagesDescriptive research plays an important role in educational research because it has greatly increased our knowledge about what happens in the classroom. What is descriptive research? Descriptive research can involve collecting quantitative information, or it can describe categories of information such as patterns of interaction when using technology in the classroom. Although it may employ fundamentals of both quantitative and qualitative research, descriptive research does not fit neatly into theRead MoreArticle Review1507 Words   |  7 PagesDescriptive research plays an important role in educational research because it has greatly increased our knowledge about what happens in the classroom. What is descriptive research? Descriptive research can involve collecting quantitative information, or it can describe categories of information such as patterns of interaction when using technology in the classroom. Although it may employ fundamentals of both quantitative and qualitative research, descriptive research does not fit neatly into theRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Conducting Human Developmental Research950 Words   |  4 PagesDescriptive and Experimental Research The two main methods of conducting human developmental research are descriptive and experimental research. As we look into these research methods we will find that they both have strengths and challenges. Perhaps that is why some people have mixed feelings about how reliable and/or secure these research experiments are. Descriptive research is also known as case studies. Understanding Human Development (2013) defines this type of research as â€Å"the complicationRead MoreDescriptive and Inferentail Statistics Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesDescriptive and Inferential Statistics Paper Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Paper Statistics are used for descriptive purposes, and can be helpful in understanding a large amount of information, such as crime rates. Using statistics to record and analyze information, helps to solve problems, back up the solution to the problems, and eliminate some of the guess work. In Psychology there has to be a variable or variables to be organized, measured, and expressed as quantities. InformationRead MorePhenomenology used in Qualitative Research817 Words   |  3 PagesQualitative Research Many phenomenological methodologies have been developed and used by qualitative researchers to review individuals’ experiences. Phenomenology for organizational research, descriptive phenomenological method, hermeneutic phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, and interpretative phenomenological analysis are the five popular phenomenological methodologies in qualitative inquiry. Phenomenology for organizational research. Phenomenology for organizational research was presentedRead MoreApplied Research Essay example1494 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. Beneficial interventions and treatments are developedRead MoreDescriptive and Inferential Statistics Paper1139 Words   |  5 PagesDescriptive and Inferential Statistics Paper PSY 315 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Whether doing original research or conducting literature reviews, one must conclude what a powerful and versatile tool statistics are in the hands of researchers. From basic statistics such as data description, to using complex statistical methods to foresee future patterns or strengthen scientific claims about current climates, the role of statistics in research cannot be taken lightly and is essential

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Environmental Impact Of The California Of Marine Animals...

On January 28, 1969 there was a well blow-out which occurred during drilling in the Santa Barbara Channel in Sothern California, an estimated 80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude Oil was spilled into the channel and its surrounding, this incident caused significant impact of the ecological composition of the system, thousands of marine animals were killed and biodiversity was distorted. The Santa Barbara oil spill and the already growing environmental interests in the 1960s led to the enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act on January 1, 1970, its purpose was to promote the enhancement of the environment, and it required executive federal agencies to prepare environmental impact statements (EISs) and environmental assessment (EAs)†¦show more content†¦These actions are defined at 40 CFR 1508.18. The environmental review under NEPA can involve three different levels of analysis: 1. Categorical Exclusion determination (CATEX) 2. Environmental Assessment/Finding of No Significant Impact (EA/FONSI) 3. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2017) â€Å"Since the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), federal agencies have been required to consider the potential environmental consequences of their actions, and to bring the public and other stakeholders into their decision making process. NEPA has been critical to meeting the environmental goals this Nation has set for itself† (Larson, Hess, D Avanzo, Stanley, Sumpter, 2015). One of the case studies highlighted by U.S. Department of Transportation s Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is the reconstruction of Interstate 29 Fargo, North Dakota. The Interstate 29, spreads from Kansas City, Missouri to the border between US and Canada in the state of North Dakota, it is a corridor for local and International trade and transportation while there were some underdeveloped agricultural lands adjacent to it. The project consisted of the improvement of the roadway capacity and level of service, improvement of access to and from the interstate, improvement of roadway access / continuity, replacement of deficient pavements, across the interstate as it was considered in a poor state.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Why We Should Stop Extinction2515 Words   |  11 PagesThe extinction of indigenous animals has been an ongoing problem that has not received the attention it deserves. Biologists have studied the pattern of mass extinction with growing concern. The world’s species are declining at a rate 10,000 times faster than normal according to a census of the world’s species (Dugan). What is causing such a rapid increase in extinction is unknown however there is one thing that is indisputable: human interference is playing a direct role. Poaching is the illegalRead MoreChapter 5 8 Essay6131 Words   |  25 Pagesconsumers (animals), and decomposers (fungi). 4. Give four categories of consumers in an ecosystem and the role that each plays. Primary consumers (herbivores) feed directly on producers. Secondary consumers (carnivores) feed on primary consumers. Consumers that feed on both plants and animals are called omnivores. 5. Describe different members of the decomposition food web. Detritus is composed largely of cellulose because it consists mostly of dead leaves, the woody parts of plants, and animal fecalRead MoreThe Causes Of Marine Life Extinction2073 Words   |  9 PagesThe Causes of Marine Life Extinction Does anyone realize that more than 90 percent of all organisms that have ever lived on Earth are extinct? According to Avaneesh Pandey, the author of â€Å"Humans Pushing Marine Life toward ‘Major Extinction’†,nearly 10,000 species become extinct each year, and this rate is estimated to be 1,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate (1). Human beingsare causing irreversible damage to the oceans and their wildlife, which is being led bytwo major reasons: commercialRead MoreEnvironmental Problems Caused The World2468 Words   |  10 PagesEnvironmental Problems are not something to be ignored. Pollution, overpopulation, deforestation, and global warming are just some of the environmental problems that impact the world. These environmental problems can severely damage our world, and could possibly be the downfall or destruction of the world, as well as the human race. All of the four previously mentioned problems can cause environmental destruction. For example; pollution causes global warming, and the warmer weather from global warmingRead MoreThe Effects Of Sharks On The World s Ocean Without Those Sharks2057 Words   |  9 PagesSympathy for JAWS Sharks are known as one of the deadliest creatures in the aquatic ecosystem, but what would happen in the world’s ocean without those sharks? The depopulation of sharks is increasing dramatically due to human impacts. If this continues, it will negatively impact all aspects of ocean life and environment (Ferretti et al, 2010). The depopulation of a creature so high on the aquatic food chain can lead to the overpopulation of other organisms, which causes a domino effect on all creaturesRead MoreOverfishing: One of the Major Problems that We Face in our Oceans Today2429 Words   |  10 Pagesmoves at a rapid rate and can typically exhaust a population of large fish by 80 percent within 15 years. The past years that have contributed to overfishing has left approximately 10 percent of large fish and ground fish in the ocean. The National Marine Fisheries Service believes that if we stop giving subsidies to fisher, their boats and their gear, we could generate $8 billion in reven ue. With better management of United States fish stocks 300,000 jobs could be created. 3. The overfishing in oceansRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Ocean Pollution3744 Words   |  15 Pagesimagine if one of the turtles had plastic around its shell or it was covered in oil. Sadly, these horrific incidents happen every day. Ocean pollution, caused by man and natural disasters, is becoming a grave concern as it affects ocean plant and animal life—and in turn affects us. Mankind must act now to stop and hopefully reverse the damage. If we don’t take care of the ocean, and the magnificent creatures that call it home, we will lose a little part of ourselves. The ocean, which covers aboutRead MoreHuman Impact on the Coastal Landscape3602 Words   |  15 PagesPerry Newton Student # 000-00 1818 Geog 222 Section (1) Mrs Sandra Burrows Date: November 4, 2008 The Human Impact on Coastal Landscape The relationship between humans and their environment is a topic that engenders much debate. Humans are intellectual. They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. The environment on the other hand is inanimate and exists by means of natural laws and principles that govern the universeRead MoreExxon and Chad-Cameron Pipeline7344 Words   |  30 PagesBoth Royal Dutch/Shell and France’s TotalFinaElf, ExxonMobil’s partners in the Pipeline Consortium, had just withdrawn, citing environmental concerns among other things and leaving its future temporarily in doubt. This withdrawal delighted many environmental groups long opposed to the pipeline. A spokesperson for the Rainforest Action Network (RAN), a grassroots environmental organization and longtime pipeline opponent, said in a press release: Based on its experience in Nigeria, Royal Dutch/Shell recognizesRead MoreMineral Resources18511 Words   |  75 Pagesmining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people b. Water Resources: Use and over-utilisation of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. c. Mineral Resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. 16 20 20 22 22 23 26 30 32 d. Food Resources: World food problems, Changes in landuse by agriculture and grazing, Effects of modern agriculture, Fertilizer/ pesticide problems,

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Roberto Clemente Essay Example For Students

Roberto Clemente Essay Roberto Clemente Walker was born in Barrio San Anton in Carolina, Puerto Rico, August 18, 1934. He was the youngest of four children. He stood 5 feet and 11 inches tall, and he weighed 175 pounds. Roberto excelled in track and field, winning medals in the javelin throw and short distance races. However, his real love was baseball. He played amateur baseball with Juncos Double A Club and soon went on to play with the Santurce Crabbers in the Puerto Rican Winter League. From Santurce he signed with Montreals Triple A team. Clemente joined the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1955, where he played his entire eighteen year Major League Baseball career from 1955 to 1972. Roberto played in two World Series, batting .310 in 1960 and .414 in 1971. He was the National League Batting Champion four times, was awarded twelve Gold Gloves, selected National League MVP in 1966 and was chosen as the MVP in the 1971 World Series. He was also a 12 time National League All-Star. Throughout his career, he played i n 2,433 games. Out of the 9,454 times at bat, Roberto got a hit 3,000 of those times. He had 440 doubles, 166 triples, and 240 homeruns. Roberto had 1,305 RBIs and he scored 1,416 runs for his team. Overall, his career batting average was a .317. On November 14, 1964, he married Vera Cristina Zabala in Carolina, Puerto Rico. They had three sons: Roberto Jr., Luis Roberto and Roberto Enrique. Proud of his heritage Roberto insisted that Vera give birth to all three sons in Puerto Rico. The boys were six, five and two, when their father met his unfortunate death. New Years Eve, December 31, 1997 marked the 25th Anniversary of a tragic plane crash. The plane was taking medical, food and clothing supplies to Nicaragua, to help out after an earthquake. Vera and friends begged him not to take the trip because of poor weather and an unstable cargo plane, but Roberto was determined. He was upset that the previous supplies had not made it to the victims. Roberto was going to personally see to it that the victims received the much needed supplies. Unfortunately the plane went down off the coast of Puerto Rico. Robertos body was never found. Just months after Roberto joined an elite group of players with 3000 hits, he was gone. Robertos tragic death in 1972 prompted the Hall of Fames Board of Directors to unanimously wave the customary five year period for induction, which opened a door for the Baseball Writers Association of America to hold a special election on Clementes behalf. By an overwhelming vote of 93%, Clemente became the first player of Latin American descent to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Since then only four players have been inducted; Al Lopez in 1977, Juan Marichal in 1983, Luis Aparicio in 1984, and Rod Carew in 1991.It has been just over 27 years since his unfortunate death and still today Roberto is still remembered as one of the greatest athletes and humanitarians of all time. In 1973, his uniform number 21 was retired by the Pittsburgh Pirates. One of Robertos dreams, the Roberto Clemente Sports City, is one part of the legacy he left behind. Visitors to Carolina, Puerto Rico are greeted by a twelve foot statue as they enter into a 1,500 acre sports complex. Roberto Clementes legacy is continued by his wife Vera who has been important in continuing Robertos Dream.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

International Services Marketing

Customer Acquisition A few years back, Emirates Airlines adopted the use of wireless Internet access on one of its new Airbus. The same services were expected to be rolled out by both Lufthansa of Germany and Scandinavian Airlines within almost the same time. However, before rolling out this service, the main communication tool that was available for use by passengers was the seat phones, which due to their expensive nature were not commonly used.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on International Services Marketing – Emirates Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given these high prices with respect to the use of seat phones, there was great lobbying by the general Internet community for the use of Wi-Fi access since it could have benefited the retailers who were to use it as a tool of customer acquisition1. For a small cafà ©, the complete cost of providing a Wi-Fi access that is free was approximat ed to be about six Unite State dollars. Comparable to a billable hot spot, this was cheaper since the billable hot spot requires additional expenses such as provision of customer support and maintenance costs for Internet speed. Although the free model would not suit application in all places, it would eliminate the adoption problem that was present at that particular time. As far as air travel is concerned, the Middle East is presently the leading global region in growth of traffic. According to statistics, there was double-digit growth in passengers between 2004 and 2006. Presently 8% of global air traffic is represented by the region. The increase in number of passengers is similarly reflected n the rise in freight. In view of these statistics, it is not shocking to see thee civil aviation of the Emirates Airlines work at expanding their civil aviation infrastructure at a very rapid pace. The authority has recently undergone restructuring with the airports being managed by the ne w Dubai Civil Aviation Authority. Dubai is investing about $ 82 billion to transform the Emirates into one of the greatest global airlines. The plans for expanding the Emirates airlines are quite ambitious. In the year 2006, 20.6 million passengers passed through its gates and more than 237,000 aircraft transported at least 1.4 million freight.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Comparatively, during the same time, Hartsfield, the world’s busiest airport had about 85 million passing through its gates whereas 68 million customers were served by London Heathrow. The government of Dubai is not fully satisfied with the figures and it has made a move to add two more concourses and a third terminal. They have expectations of between 60 and 70m million passengers annually. The Airlines of Dubai International Airport have been extended to accommodate the new Airbus A380 and actually, the Flagship of the Emirates Dubai has been able to make an order of 47 of the Aircraft2. In addition to this, the Dubai Cargo Village, which is a dedicated site for cargo handling and adjacent to Dubai International Airport, is also undergoing extensions to handle about two million tonnes annually and is currently handling almost at double capacity. As far as expansion of capacity is concerned, both Dubai Cargo Village and the Dubai International Airport are experiencing the same challenge: after completion of the current extensions, there will be no room for growth at their current locations. The facilities are encompassed by urban sprawl as a result of the growing capacity within the city3. Apart from the greatest order for the new Airbus, double Decker plane, Emirates Airlines ordered a new Aircraft worth $37 billion. Below is a table for the company’s airport traffic between 1997 and 2006. Source: HWM. The Wireless revolution: Experience New Ways of Living Wi relessly. Singapore: SPH magazines.2004.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on International Services Marketing – Emirates Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Customer retention The major players in Indian Airline industries include Emirate Airlines, Air Sahara, Jet Airways, Lufthansa, Air Deccan, Air India, and Indian Airlines. As a result of the boom in IT, and other IT associated services, these airlines have exhibited a large potential for air traffic increase. Prior to its privatization in the 1990s, the airline was under the government control. Operation of private airlines was still restricted. After the airline industry was opened to private players, the competition heightened between both private and public players. Prior to privatization, little importance was attributed to customer satisfaction in the industry. When private players offered quality service and thus attracting more customers , the public carries such as India Airlines and others began seeing the significance of quality customer service4. Some of the strategies these players use to both attract and retain customers are not only innovative but also convenient. They include using the Internet and phone to book, serving the customer needs by showing care, check in using phone, serving different kinds of meals, crews, and airhostesses that are highly trained. The kind of customers served by the industry totally changed since the opening of the market in 1990s. Lately, clients travel globally to experience airline facilities that are of top quality5. To ensure that these premium customers have been taken care of, the level of service ought to improve largely. The crux of customer retention is not only understanding different cultures but also ensuring that customers have made happy. Whereas the focus and desire of business people and high-end customers is customized services and sophistry, cost efficiency is the key factor in the economy segment. These two extremes must be balanced by an airline provider. When the market gradually changes and expands, it provides sufficient room to concentrate on a specific category of customers.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If a given player begins to focus on a particular category of customers, then such a player will become a great competitor and would be able to compete effectively among other competitors. Therefore, the dynamics of the entire industry dynamics towards clients will begin to change, making each player to improve their level of service so as to retain customers6. Studies show that a service is essentially non-tangible. Therefore, even though the provision of airline related services at times entails tangibility such as environmental aspects, presentation and quality of food, it remains to be intangible and dependent on the service quality from the customer’s perspective, as a distinctive aspect. Moreover, the lack of separation between production and consumption results to its Perishability and the heterogeneous nature of the service experience. Within the commercial airline business, an opportunity cost belonging to the operator is represented by a vacant seat on a frequently scheduled flight. A lot of variability is involved with regard to in-flight service’s quality. This service is greatly enhanced by the customer – provider interactions. The most important thing in this case is how the customer perceives the quality of the service rather than the actual service itself7. Customer Recovery Due to difficult conditions in trading, the Gulf Air (United Arab Emirate’s national carrier) devised a recovery plan to get back its profits. This was to take place within three years and is an approach that affected operations at all levels. The efforts were fruitful since statistics released in 2003 revealed that the airlines had produced a very outstanding record for those four years. Apart from showing an increase in the number of passengers by about 10.4%, there was also a great increase in revenue and a subsequent cut in losses. The three-year plan also had a projection on increasing the number of clients by about one million8. Several mar keting strategies contributed to a revival of fortunes such as Bahrain Grand Prix’s sponsorship, pricing that’s more competitive, improvements in network and service, and its subsidiary Gulf Traveler’s launch. During the greatest global study with regard to how passengers perceive airlines, the Gulf Air became the winner of the awards for Skytrax Airline Excellence. This award was accorded to Gulf Air in recognition to the great changes that had been accomplished within a period of two years and the way in which it was now making a come back as champion within the Middle East. The results achieved by the gulf air are greater than were anticipated with an excess in average loads. The sub-continent of India, Asia, and Saudi Arabia are among the main destinations served by the airline. Emirates Airlines is one global Airline that grows rapidly. Its operations are based in Dubai. During its 2003/2004 financial year, the number of customers carried by emirates had in creased by about two million. Both its profit and revenue had risen too. Emirates 69 strong is one of the youngest in the sky with about 46 months on average. The plans of this Airline is to increase ensure that there is a rise in its fleet by 2012. During the Paris Air show, it had made its announcement and made an order for both a large Boeing aircraft and a number of Airbus. The long haul 340-500 has its launch carrier as the Emirates Airlines. It was the first Airline to make an order for the double-decker in the year 2001 and the innovative A340-600 HGW will have it as its key launch carrier. Airbus super- jumbo has Emirates as its largest customer. Additionally, the Airline has plans to increase the number of its Boeing 777s. Emirates Airlines operates in several cities and nations including Africa, North America, Europe, the Middle East and the subcontinent of India. However, it had begun extending its services to New York, Accra, Vienna, and Lagos, among other nations9. Duri ng 2004, Emirates began a new ticketing system that was worldwide and electronic. This encouraged a travel that was coupon free thus resulting to a reduction in time required by customers to book and fly. By 2004, Emirates Airlines had received numerous awards for being the best Airline, which has obviously made many clients to identify with it. Although the Emirates is encountering financial constraints to some level, it is less affected if compared to numerous other carriers. This can be attributed to the strength that its network has and its high diversification. Although there is a decrease in the traffic of its passengers, which is apparently due to a decline in building activities in Dubai, it is possible for the airline to enlarge its operations given the tremendous connectivity network based at its hub, which is Dubai. Research reveals that through Dubai, many passengers from the United Kingdom can connect to cities in both Australia and India10. Study shows that employees d o not only play a significant part in improving their own productivity but also that of other vital assets like gates and aircraft and in ensuring that there is an improvement in customer service. Lessons drawn from several companies including Toyota that have used both employee engagement and ongoing improvement to embrace the principle of total quality management require a lot of attention. So too do the approaches of companies in both the legal sector and International Airlines such as Emirates Airlines and Virgin Atlantic that are part of the full service airlines that are the youngest11. Interaction process There are two main ways through which customers get exposed to the activities of a firm. This is through the process of distinct communication and through the interaction process. What comprise the distinct communication process are the touch points between the firm and the customers, which entail aspects such as sales, advertising, and communication for direct response. On the other hand, the interaction process is represented by the real world. The interaction process includes episodes such as interaction with aspects such as websites, goods, service processes, call centers, systems of payment and invoicing, procedures in service recovery and documentation with regard to use of goods among others12. Activities within the distinct communication process are geared at granting promises with regard to the proposition of the firm’s value. On the other hand, the interaction process is supposed to fulfill given promises. Something is communicated and promises given through interaction between the firm and the customer. This might even include sales activities. However, the key aim in the episodes of the interaction process is to ensure that customers have had access to value supporting solutions such as information, services, and goods. The three main aspects of the interaction process in the Emirates Airlines are customer integration, service produc tion, and service recovery. Service Production The Middle East’s air transport industry is one of the industries that are facing the fastest expansion rate across the world. Studies reveal that during each year, both the passenger and cargo traffic continues to soar. Airlines at the local and regional level have projected spending colossus sums of money for several years in a bid to expand their fleets13. The United Arab Emirates has recognized the significance of aviation as one of the best instruments through which it can connect to other parts of the world. Over the last hundreds of years, the UAE has been a great trading post in the Gulf, South Asia, and Africa. The current UAE provides a business environment that is highly energized accompanied by both resources and infrastructure to ensure that the complete spectrum of the world’s business needs has been achieved. In the previous years, systematic attempts have been made to ensure that the aviation sector’ s infrastructure has been expanded as both Dubai and Abu Dhabi move towards a period where they both operate as the global airline hubs. A clear reflection of the UAE as a modern nation can be best seen if the projections made by Abu Dhabi and Dubai are implemented with regard to their airports. The past few years have seen a great increase in cargo, passengers, and movements of aircraft. This represents the growth and change of the UAE into a major hub for both tourism and business. There have been reported cases of increases in passenger movement within the Dubai International Airport. This is expected to continue rising even in the coming years. A similar situation is also being experienced at the Emirates Airlines14. Dubai’s remarkable economic development has been as a result of investment in the Emirates Airlines and the liberalization of the aviation policy. The main driver for this economy is tourism and services. The outcome of the liberal policy applied by Dubai sin ce 1985 is the fact that numerous airlines flying to hundreds of destinations can be served by Dubai. This has made Dubai to become a dreadful competitor at the global level. Another aspect is that Dubai has become Middle East’s tourism and business center. The air transport services of the airline are also reliable, competitive and of high frequency, making it to be part of the global networks for transportation and distribution based on just-in-time production15. Use of the brand pyramid is one way of deriving the brand promise’s nature. The initial concern of managers when introducing a new brand is to locate gaps that have not been exploited in the market then taking advantage of their core competencies to come up with a brand that a novel technology supports or process, which results to products, that are unique. However, the concern of consumers is not so much with the attributes but is more focused on the advantages that threes attributes brings out. Through exp erience, customers begin to understand the brand more effectively and emotional rewards result from the benefits. For instance, a key benefit of Emirates Airline as an early enterprise was the installation of a television set before each seat of the economic class as a form of entertainment. This results to fun during the flight, which is an emotional reward. If there has to be an appreciation to this emotional reward, then it should result to a value that is welcome by the clients. Thus, the emotional benefit of fun could result to appreciation of autonomy. One of the main reasons as to why some passengers would chose to commute using one specific airline is because it will provide them with what they want to watch at a time that they want to view it. Consumers will seldom take a long time to look for and interpret information about brands and thus each brand has personality brands associated with it. By promoting the brand through use of a personality who manifests the brandâ€⠄¢s traits, inferences are drawn by consumers that the brand has some of the values that the personality promoting it has16. Service Recovery Whereas some airlines have been struggling to survive, Emirates airlines has been growing and performing excellently well in the recent past. Its target is not among the passengers who are price sensitive ant; thus, it does not intend to venture into low cost services. Contrary to this, the approach is to feed the region with long-haul flights. Moreover, the company has no plans to get into airline collaborations except for code-share kind of alliances. This is because this will not only affect brand value, but will also put restrictions to the operations of the flight. Moreover, when using alliances, airlines are favored instead of passengers. In comparison to airlines that are of low cost such as JetStar and EasyJet, the price of Emirates is high. However, its services are of high quality when compared to some of the best global airlines suc h as the British Airways. Emirates Airline has an unbeatable competitive advantage in comparison to any other airline within the region. This is due to its strong network within the region and its world-class service17. Flight operation encompasses various aspects such as the rotations and schedule of the aircraft, Schedule alteration and manipulation, scheduling and management of crew and the statistical analysis of flight. An airline’s flight operations management gives a solution that is integrated to monitor, plan and give response to events that lie within real time, give an analysis of traffic statistics, and lead to better performance in operation. As the Emirates Airlines project to increase their fleet with at least 130, the amount of air traffic will really increase at the Dubai hub. In view of the day-to-day operation at the hub, the most important factor for the future success of the company is the seamless and dependable communication among all the relevant stake holders. The quality of airline service is dependent on their ability to take care of the planned schedule’s requirements. However, the ability to meet the demands of the schedule can be inhibited by several other factors such as adverse weather and conditions and the failure of one or many of the members of the crew from arriving on duty. In some cases, such as the situation of thunderstorms, only one airport may be affected for some hours18. The advantages of cosmopolitan culture are enjoyed by Emirates Airlines with a large number of its employees coming from different nations. Since it operates in a service industry that meets the needs of consumers from around the globe, its cosmopolitan culture adds a lot of value to its services. Culture is very crucial in the flight operation. The crew ought to have sufficient knowledge regarding the passengers’ culture and ought to make the services available to the delight of the customers. For instance, prior to giving the c ustomers liquor, the crew flying to Saudi should take caution. Also during the holy month of Muslims/Ramadan, the crew should not offer Muslim clients drinks and snacks since doing this may appear to lower the value of their flight service. Thus, when the interruption recovery exercise is being carried out, the right crew should be placed at the correct place. Latest research reveals that the success of Emirates is more pronounced at an international level rather than at the regional level. There was an expression that the local community view Emirates as an International Airline rather than an industry that carries the national flag of the United Arab Emirates, which affected both their preference and perception with regard to the Emirates product. Besides, with regard to the cultural elements and the customers’ preference, it was revealed that product of Emirates is not properly suit most Middle East routes. The fleet of the Emirates Airlines invests a lot in the modern air crafts present in the market. This helps it to keep its fleet young and modern. It has an order for one of the passenger aircrafts that are technologically advanced in the world (Airbus A380). It is reported that A 380 will utilize fuel that is below 20% and fly quieter, affordable, and friendlier to the environment as compared to other aircrafts. To help it handle its disruptions and the normal operations, Emirates Airlines is installed with the latest information Technology systems19. Analysis using ServQual and customer Reviews The views of most customers who used Emirates Airlines are the service they received did not match their expectations. It is reported that the cabin crew did not accord them assistance in a number of areas such as serving them meals on time, they offered drinks after meals rather than before, did not bother ensuring that family members were seated together and were not interested in the affairs of passengers. Apart from this, feedback from some clients who had used Emirates Airlines is an expression of the discomfort they encountered during their flight. The discomfort was caused by several aspects such as lack footrests and insufficient space between seats. Besides, it is reported that the newspapers are no longer adequate for use by all the classes. Yet, other clients have complained about lateness of both the arrival and departure of flights. The common sentiments are that their level of service is declining compared to how it was ten years ago and that something ought to be done about it. On the other hand, other customers have expressed satisfaction with services offered by the Emirates Airlines such as quality in-flight entertainment, welcoming crew and food after boarding the aircraft more than once. Some of those who have used the business class have expressed their satisfaction with the services offered during their flights such as uncrowded lounges, food selections that were good, excellent flights and comfortable seats. Ot hers applause the airline for providing plenty of reading materials during the flight, serving them meals quite on time and ensuring that flights were quick20. Conclusion The strategies employed by Emirates Airlines are quite broad. Relational drivers include installation of the free Wi-Fi access to the passengers, enlargement of its premises and services to increase passenger traffic and acquisition of more other quality and large capacity aircrafts. On the other hand, interaction drivers that the company has employed are use of the RFID system to ensure safety of customer’s cases, investment in the aviation industry, installation of television sets in each of the economy customer’s seats, targeting the premium customers, embracing a cosmopolitan culture and use of technologically IT systems. All these seem to go well apart for the fact that the UAE community views it as an international airline rather than a national one. Most of the latest feedback from customers is that Emirates Airlines is not where it was about ten years ago in terms of the quality of service provided. Most of the customers complain about the carefree, selfish and unresponsive attitude of the crew, insufficient and low quality meals, discomfort and generally poor service. A few of the clients applaud the airline for its punctuality and reasonable service. Generally, based on the views of most passengers, the Emirates Airlines ought to upgrade their service and either retain or replace their crew. This is the only way they will get back on track like it was a decade ago. Bibliography Al-Abed, I, P Vine, and P Hellyer. United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2005. London: Trident press. 2005. Baker, J and S Hart. The marketing Book. Burlington: Butterworth Heinemann. 2007. Bamber, G. Up in the Air: How Airlines can Improve Performance by Engaging their Employees. New York: Cornel University Press. 2009. Bartneck, N, V Klaas and H Schoenherr. Optimizing Processes with RFID and Auto ID: Fundamentals, Problems and Solutions, Example Applications. Erlangen: Publicis Publishing. 2009. Betz, F. Creating and managing a Technology economy. NJ: World Scientific Publishing.  Emirates Airline Customer Reviews-Skytrax. 2011. Retrieved from https://www.airlinequality.com/airline-reviews/emirates/ HWM. The Wireless revolution: Experience New Ways of Living Wirelessly. Singapore: SPH magazines. 2004. Lusch, R. and S Vargo. The service-dominant logic of marketing: dialog, debate, and directions. NY: M.E. Sharpe. 2006. Mitra, S. The Caucasian Tiger: Sustaining Economic growth in Armenia. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. 2007. Nargundkar, R. Services Marketing. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. 2006. Oxford Business Group. The Report: Dubai. Oxford: Oxford Business Group. 2007. Taneja, N K. Looking beyond the runway: airlines innovating with best practices while facing realities. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company. 2010. USA International Business Publications. Doing Busin ess and Investing in United Arab Emirates Guide. Washington DC: International Business Publications. 2007. Footnotes 1 HWM. The Wireless revolution: Experience New Ways of Living Wirelessly. Singapore: SPH magazines.2004. p. 63 2 Oxford Business Group. The Report: Dubai. 2007. p. 117. 3 Oxford Business Group. The Report: Dubai. 2007. p. 117. 4 Nargundkar, R. Services Marketing 2E. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. 2006. P. 412 5 Nargundkar, R. 2006. P. 412 6 Nargundkar, R. 2006. P. 412 7 Nargundkar, R. 2006. P. 412 8 Al-Abed, I., Vine, P. and Hellyer, P. United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2005. London: Trident press. 2005. P. 207–208 9 Al-Abed, I., Vine, P. and Hellyer, P. 2005. P. 209-210 10 Taneja, N.K. Looking beyond the runway: airlines innovating with best practices while facing realities. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company. 2010. P. 10 11 Bamber, G. Up in the Air: How Airlines can Improve Performance by Engaging their Employees. New York: Cornel University Press. 2009. P. 185 12 Lusch, R. and Vargo, S. The service-dominant logic of marketing: dialog, debate, and directions. NY: M.E. Sharpe. 2006. P. 356 13 14 USA International Business Publications. Doing Business and Investing in United Arab Emirates Guide. Washington DC: International Business Publications. 2007. P. 70s 15 Mitra, S. The Caucasian Tiger: Sustaining Economic growth in Armenia. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. 2007. P. 111 16 Baker, J. and Hart, S. The marketing Book. Burlington: Butterworth Heinemann. 2007 17 Betz, F. Creating and managing a Technology economy. NJ: World Scientific Publishing. 2010. P. 286 18 Betz, F. 2010. P. 286 19 Betz, F. 2010. P. 299 20 Emirates Airline Customer Reviews-Skytrax. 2011. P. 1-3 This term paper on International Services Marketing – Emirates Airlines was written and submitted by user Daphne Rush to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Margaret atwood rape fantasies Essay Example

Margaret atwood rape fantasies Essay Example Margaret atwood rape fantasies Paper Margaret atwood rape fantasies Paper Atwood uses a temporal setting, a feminine first person point of view, irony, and allusion to warn readers of the vulnerability that comes from naivety and the downplay of ape. The setting is temporal. The womens liberation movement is thriving in the sass. Media is beginning to pay attention to non-superficial womens issues: The way theyre going on about it in the magazines youd think it was just invented, and not only that but i?s something terrific, like a vaccine for cancer (31). Magazines are beginning to advocate the Equal Rights Amendment, to converse about womens issues, to put domestic violence and sexual harassment on the cover of a womens magazine, and to feature a national study on date rape. History suggests women do not have or should to have sexual desires: But if youre being totally honest you cant count those as rape fantasies (34). Estelle and her coworkers label their sexual fantasies as rape to take away the sense of being personally responsible for their desires. The temporal setting occurs during the time feminine issues headline the media: So at work they all have to talk about it because no matter what magazine you open, there it is, staring you right bungee the eyes, and theyre beginning to have it on television too(31). After decades of matriculation concerning feminine issues beyond the superficial the damn as been opened allowing the characters to discuss the taboo. Due to medias growing attention of serious issues like rape Christy is able to gain access to information that she parrots back to her work pals: Besides, all the articles say its better not to resist, that way you dont get and her co-workers are beginning to learn how to defend themselves in a rape scenario from the increasing media coverage on important issues like rape. Atwood uses the language device allusion: Im not what you would call a drinker but like to go out now and then for a drink of two in a nice place, even if I am by myself, Im with Womens Lib on that even though I cant agree with a lot of the other things they say (37). The author alludes to the Womens Liberation movement going on in the 1 sass to explain why the narrator feels confident enough to put herself in a vulnerable position with a potentially threatening male at a bar. Atwood uses the temporal setting to allow her characters to discuss rape, but not really know what they re talking about: Rape is when theyve got a knife or something and you dont want to(33) Estelle and her co-workers lack a mutual understanding of what rap is. The point of view is first person. Estelle has a very naive view of a rape scenario, she likes to use dark humor to lighten up the situation: Estelle assumes Sonars silence in the story is her being offended that she didnt a chance to share her rape fantasy: Sandra was miffed too, by this time SSL finished her celery and she wanted to tell about hers, but she hadnt got in fast Sonars silence can also be interpreted as the silence of rape victim. Atwood uses a first person point of view with a womens viewpoint to drive home the naivety the women have in the story concerning rape and the vulnerability that comes from their ignorance. There is a failing of communication between men and women in the story:But maybe its different for a guy'(36). Estelle lack of understanding of the male psyche leads to her vulnerability. Estelle believes ignorance is bliss: You cant Spence your whole life in the Filing Department or cooped up in your own apartment with all the doors and windows locked and the shades Her statement is correct; to lock yourself away from the world forever is ridiculous. The language devices used in the story are allusion and irony. - card game the ladies are playing alludes to the control, strategy, and manipulation skills Estelle feels she can possess during a rape scenario: So said one club, hoping Sandra would remember about the one club convention, because the time before when I used that she thought I really meant clubs, and she bid us up to three, and all I had was four little ones WI nothing higher than a six, and we went down two and on top of that we well vulnerable(31). Estelle belief of control and ability of manipulation in a game reflects the characteristics she holds in reality, which leads to her bell in a vulnerable position in the end. Another language device that Atwood u: s situational irony: So I ask him why doesnt he let me fix him a Neo-Citric and scotch, thats what I always take, you still have the cold but you dont fee it, so I do and we end up watching the Late Show together (35). Estelle fantasies begin as serious and twist Into absurdity, in the end of this scenes she is taking care of the man who attempted to sexually assault her. Tattoos use of allusion places adds realism to the story. The mention of the Virgin Mary is a biblical allusion to a lady who became pregnant by God instead of her swear all four of them looked at me like I was in b asset, like Id insulted the Virgin Mary or something (33). The women in the story were expected only to have marital relations like the Virgin May, so theyre using the rape fantasy to cover up their sexual desires. The author also uses a structural irony in Estelle rape fantasies: So I hand it to him AR hes very obliging, he twists the top off and hands it back to me, and I squirt him in the Estelle character is flawed in her belief a rapist will list. To their victim. Atwood use of irony both situational and structural is a warning to the readers that Estelle naivety leads her to a dangerous tuition: Like, how could a fellow do that to a person hes just had a long conversation with, once you let them know youre human, you have a life etc I dont see how they could go ahead with it, right? 37) Estelles fantasies left her vulnerable. Estelle is a real damsel in distress her ignorance on dangerous situations coupled with an over-confidence that she can control a harmful situation leads to her being left vulnerable. Tattoos use of first person point of vine for the reader to listen to a womens point of view. Estelle although naive when it comes to evading dangerous situations, gives the reader an u nderstanding of a females psyche regarding rape.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Factors Contributing to the Confederacys Loss of the Civil essays

Factors Contributing to the Confederacys Loss of the Civil essays The phrase "war is expensive" has become a cliche over the decades as humans experience the ugliness of wars and their consequences. As most outcomes of war show, the winners tend to be the "richer" ones who can afford to lose and pay the higher price. Applying this to the Civil War, it can be stated that the Confederacy lost the Civil War because it was "poorer" one. The South lost because the war was just too expensive, making it difficult to purchase the required resources and manpower to overcome the North. Shortage of imperative resources, inadequate manpower, and the blockade that limited its source of supplies were three major problems that the Confederacy faced during the Civil War, which ultimately crumbled its goals to secede. The foremost problem facing the Confederacy during the Civil War was the inadequate manpower. Even counting slaves, who obviously could not be expected to fight to protect, the South's manpower was nothing compared to that of the North's. Consequently, the South was not able to afford loses or even stalemates because anything but dominations would be the Norths gain. Because the South lacked men, it was not able to suffer unnecessary causalities; therefore every battle was crucial to the Confederacys existence. When there were stalemates, the North clearly knew it was a tremendous gain for them because they had more soldiers. Although the South had better-trained soldiers, it was not able to suffer from the assault of inexperienced Union soldiers. The North might have lost more men, but because of its massiveness in number, the North was progressing in regards to the war as a whole, just because the South could not afford the casualties since war is expensive. Secondly, another problem the Confederacy faced was the shortage of resources and supplies. Because its economy is largely based on cotton, the South faced the a few problems the North did not have to. ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 Essay - 1

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 - Essay Example The use of African slaves was very favorable for planters. First, Blacks were better adapted to wearisome physical work in the hot climate than white Europeans or Indians; secondly, taken out far from the habitats of their own tribes, not having any idea how to come back home, they were less inclined to escapes. In the middle of the XX century almost all the black population of the American continent was the descendants of the slaves taken out from Africa. In total about 13 million African slaves were imported to the British North America and later to the USA. On average, only one from 3-5 captured slaves was brought to a plantation, the others perished during the capture and transportation. According to the estimates of researchers, as a result of a slave trade Africa lost about 80 million lives (Slavery Timeline). In Europe the use of a slave labor was resumed and mass slave trade, which prospered up to the XIX century began. Africans were captured in their native lands, loaded on ships and sent to destination. The Irish captured by British during the conquest of Ireland in 1649 — 1651 prevailed among "white slaves". Intermediate position between exiled and free colonists was occupied by the "sold in a service": people sold their freedom for the right to move to colonies and to work it off there again. Considerable part of the Irish population, including women and children, was turned into white slaves and took out to English colonies in West Indies. During this period People in Ireland cost less than wolves: English soldiers were paid 5 pounds for the head of "the rebel or the priest" and 6 pounds — for the wolf ‘s head (Slave Trade Statistics). In the XVII—XVIII centuries Dahomey played a significant role in a slave trade and conducted fierce fight against the rivals: Allada, which was attacked by Dahomey in 1724 for the first time and captured in 1730, and Whydah captured in

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Effect of the Black Death in England on London's culture, population Essay

Effect of the Black Death in England on London's culture, population and economy between 1348 and about 1500 - Essay Example The manner in which the plague quickly spread is rather disheartening. The action of the Sicilians to close their Messina port necessitated the ships from the east to seek available port alongside the Mediterranean. As such, the plague quickly grew and spread into the nations where these plague harboring ships anchored. In this way, the plague was responsible for the demise of approximately one third’s of England’s population. In approximately four years, the plague had covered almost the entire world. This illustrates the grave situation that had been fashioned by the plague. As such, it is imperative to analyze the exact impact of this plague on England as a whole. The steady growth that had characterized England prior to the plague experienced a sudden turn. The extent of deaths that were being realized from the plague has a resounding impact on the religious, economic, social and political structures. The fact that the ships could not anchor in Messina was not enoug h grounds to explain the sporadic nature of the spread of the plague. In sourcing the answer to this question, the situation that existed in England prior to the incidence of the Black Death, has to be highlighted. The source of the plague was from the fleas that were preset in animals. This is especially the big black rats. As long as the animals were alive, the fleas stayed with their host. However, a problem arose when these animals died; and the fleas had nowhere to go. In their search for a new host, they tended to also attack humans. As such, the fact that the plague killed one third of the entire England population, it left a significantly large impact on the political, economic and religious structure of England. At the time of the plague, England had been fiercely catholic; as such it is imperative to outline the impact of the Black Plague on religion in England. The plague had its most catastrophic impact in the cities (Sloanb 45). This is based on the fact that the cities had been characterized by overcrowding. Another factor that aided in this unrestricted spread was the low standards of sanitation in the cities at the time. The relative quick period between infection and ultimate demise had a profound impact on the religious practices at the time. The period of the 14th century was a period of profound religious inclinations. England was largely catholic. As such, it was a convention that people would die with their last rights and having confessed their sins. However, this procedure could not be sustained given the vast number of deaths that were being recorded. This compelled the Pope Clement VI to give remission to all those deaths was a directly sourced from the Black Plague. This is because the clergy were unable to be at the bedside of everyone who died. The religious transformation allowed the dying to confess their sins to anyone at their bedside. So much was the need to have people at the bedside of the dying that people were also allowed to confess to women. This had previously been unacceptable in the catholic religion. However, given the nature of the situation, this had to be accepted. The reliance on the clergy hit low probabilities given the characteristic of the plague in attacking isolated populations exemplified by monasteries. It is no surprise that people thought that the plague was as a result

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Fantasy literature for children Essay Example for Free

Fantasy literature for children Essay Q (1). Fantasy literature means new ideas and deals with new images, fantasy includes literature, myths, legends, fairy tales, stories of super natural beings with super natural powers, fantasy creates an imaginative world in which the super natural is natural and plays a perfect part essential to the story to complete it, such literature is enjoyed by the children and adults. An example of such literature is L’Engle’s â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† which can be read by both children and adults. This books heroine is Meg Murry who is an unhappy and clumsy high school student, she with her friend Calvin and her brother Charles undertake an adventurous journey into time and space to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to rule over the universe; her greatest drawback is her anger, impatience and lack of self confidence, during the travel and experience she learns to overcome her faults while rescuing her father. The symbols mentioned in this story are (1) The Dark Thing, it is the dark and cold symbol of evil forces that Meg,Calvin and Charles must fight in rescuing her father, the Dark Thing is evil and in the book there is constant battle between good and evil, and good is always successful over evil; (2) The second symbol is the IT, it is the bodiless brain of Camazotz, it controls all the creatures living in that planet, it identifies with the dark thing with its pulsating and revolting rhythm, it is the main body of evil in the planet, it is war of good and evil and love is successful over evil. 3) the book also has good symbols and one is Aunt Beast, she has many tentacles, she is tall and has fur all over, she is from the planet Ixchel and loves to look after travelers as she looks after Meg when during her travel she brushes with the dark thing, Aunt Beast is full of love but she is always in the dark as she has no eyes and has no idea of light or vision she shows her love and emotions by touching with her tentacles. The major theme of the book is Cosmology, other theme is human life and space travel to other planets and constant war of good against evil and ultimately love and goodness are successful. All these symbols show individuality. Meg rescues her brother Charles from IT through the power of love, LEngle makes her characters to travel through space and into other planets and there they communicate with each other without spoken language, the author is trying to show that speech is not the only way to communicate, and the universal theme is the struggle between good and evil, light against darkness, the author also emphasizes inadequacy of words, as sometimes feelings cannot be explained completely with words. All the symbols help Meg to learn the lessons of life as she cannot be aware of everything, she has learned patience, and she has also learned to understand situations as there is explanation for everything even if sometimes we do not understand the world. Q (2) Poetry appeals to the young people in many ways, as it is a way to express the feelings in words, and helps to understand others feelings also, poetry is called literary art, young people read and write poetry as it is away of relaxation, young people like poetry as it can be sung and people love to write songs; there are different kinds and styles of poetry. A study was conducted by Ann Terry in 1974 which shows what type of poetry is liked by children of different ages of elementary school, humorous poems appealed to a large age range of students, they mostly liked poems with musical qualities and disliked poems that they could not understand maturity plays an important part in understanding poetry, four of the poems were narratives, students of all ages did not like this type of poetry, twenty five poems were not popular poems and were not liked, the students liked rhymed poems. The use of poetry in the classroom is very beneficial as reading and learning poems helps the student’s language development, as it evokes emotions it encourages creativity, poetry develops reading habit and helps to increase vocabulary, poetry is a literary art it is a way to relax, it appeals to the young as it can be made into a song and the teenagers love romantic poetry. It is used in the classroom to teach young students to learn, like the alphabet song is used for teaching young students. Q (3) The â€Å"Monkey Island† written by Paula Fox, is a short novel about an eleven years old boy named Clay Garrity, who is left to live on his own as his father looses his job and cannot find another so he simply walks away from his only child and wife, they go to live in a welfare home as his mother is pregnant she disappears one day and Clay is left alone in the streets of New York , soon he finds Buddy and Calvin in a park and they become a family. If Clay leaves the streets he may never find his parents again and if he stays on the streets alone he might not survive as dangers are eminent. According to evaluation criteria it is a short and simple novel, and it is written for all ages as all can enjoy reading it, the book deals with the darkness and dangers of the night the child has to face, as Clay is left alone to survive he reaches a park where homeless people live and this is scornfully called ‘The Monkey Island’. Clay is a sensitive child who is facing harsh realities of life; he has to face hunger, fear and illness, he gets pneumonia and is in the hospital for ten days and then sent to a foster home and is reunited to his mother and baby sister. According to evaluation criteria this novel intrigues the mind of the child and young adults the title also fascinates the child; it is a simple straight, short novel which shows the harsh realities of life faced by the eleven year old. This novel has all the qualities of a good literature for children, in the view of evaluation, as the features of the book help to analyze the pure and clear title of the book that is composed into a quality literature for children and young adults. Q (4) The answer to this question, ‘who should write science books for children’ has an unlimited answer. Basically scientists should write science books for children, writers who write science books for children should be very clear in explaining and they should use accurate facts and figures, complicated writings scare the children as a result the child looses interest and shies away, science should not be complicated, facts must be presented in such a way that the child is encouraged to indulge in furthering reading. Every topic must have pictures to explain. The science books should be based on topics of universal and international appeal, so that it can be read by all the children over the world without clashes of cultures; the authors should write the text that is within the reach of the understanding power of the child; as illustrations immediately attracts the young mind it also sharpens the appetite of the child’s mind to grasp more and read more. The authors suited for writing science books for children should be aware of the needs and intellectual level of the young mind, therefore they should write about things that are interesting to the imagination of the child’s mind, as scientists are best suited to write science books for children they should emphasize and lay stress on meaningful observations, as it helps the student to master his patience through daily observation classes and become a good observer which is the main part of learning science, which also produces a spark of inspirational power to the reader. The science book must inform the reader not only of facts but must explain the beauty of complicated physical life; science books that teach the child to develop scientific language skills are of great help, in helping the child to discover the natural world around us. Authors who write scientific books for children must use easy and graceful language, they must have expertise on descriptive powers of the verbal text, and the design of the book cover is a source of great attraction for the child, writers must depend on illustrations for explanations, the book should be non-fictional and based only on facts that can be understood by the intellectual level of the young readers, accuracy of facts is the main point on which science books can depend so that a child does not have a con fused orientation of science. Authors who write with such accuracy and are careful in presentations and explanations in the books that are for the young mind, are suited to write science books for children, the books must present simple things for children to do alone and in a group as well, then there are things that the child must work on with the help of parents and together they create fun in learning for all ages, the last part of the book must have questions to be answered by the child, so that the child starts thinking about science around us in this world, and the science book should be appealing to the imagination of the child’s mind, the seventh edition of the text is a tool that can help the writers to be updated in research and utilization of technology, these help resources help to make the most of media available with text, as C. D. ROM; and online activities must be encouraged which help greatly in learning. Q (5) Books for children and young adults are banned and censored due to many reason s in some cases it creates awareness to avoid clashes of cultures and beliefs and sentiments of certain society. There are many reasons for banning a book; it depends on the material of contents which are not ‘anti Christian’ or the language used is objectionable and against the religious beliefs, these can be unsuitable for the young mind, books can be banned due to many reasons such as political reason or social grounds, or books are banned when a certain group of people or an influential person considers it to be controversial, immoral or inappropriate, corrupt, vulgar, violent or wicked, generally if the book contains socially unacceptable ideas, such books are banned as these views are made public. These books sometimes contain racial differences such racial slurs, some books contain depressing and alien material which is not good for the development of the young mind; some facts of history show disrespect to adults and elders which is not acceptable to the society, some books confuse fantasy with reality which is very confusing to the young mind, books depicting witchcraft su ch as J. K. Rowling’s book is under challenge as it creates confusion in the mind of the young, as the book mixes reality with fantasy and witchcraft. Parents play a significant part in banning books as they according to their own thinking accept or ban certain books and they also have their own reasons and view points, parents tend to over protect their children and think that reading certain bad books will lead the child to do bad things which may not be the case, some books are banned if the young try to copy certain acts mentioned in the book which are not acceptable in society, such as suicide stories. The text book on ‘through the eyes of a child’ is an introduction to child literature and is an excellent source of literature for children, no person can justify banning a book it simply depends on personal views and reasons. Today the society has changed and many controversial books are now regarded as classics, today people cannot be stopped from thinking, if thinking is allowed, they will speak and if they speak will write and what is written can be printed and published. Society has changed with time and people are becoming liberal minded and have started accepting books that were once banned. Every person has a right to freedom of thought, the young adults and children have the freedom to read and express their opinions and thoughts, people have different thoughts and these thoughts are valuable only to the individual himself but putting ban on such opinions will deprive the human race and society of its freedom rights. Today the society plays a great role in the development of the mental capabilities of the young, as thinking changes the society has also changed and allows the child some freedom, writing books for children and young adults is not an easy task as the writer has to see through the eyes of the child. Writing books for children and young adults is not an easy task as one has to see through the eyes of the child, books are ways to help the young to understand and appreciate their world. Today books are an integral part of young and children and adults alike each in their own capacity. The society has become more open minded, as less content is censored for viewing by the young, it is preferred that children be informed about all issues related to individuals and society itself, this is done so that children be able to have an understanding which would lead them to formulate their own opinion, excess to all information is important so that may be promoted amongst the young.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Andrew Carnegie Essays -- essays research papers

A man of Scotland, a distinguished citizen of the United States, and a philanthropist devoted to the betterment of the world around him, Andrew Carnegie became famous at the turn of the twentieth century and became a real life rags to riches story. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, on November 25, 1835, Andrew Carnegie entered the world in poverty. The son of a hand weaver, Carnegie received his only formal education during the short time between his birth and his move to the United States. When steam machinery for weaving came into use, Carnegie’s father sold his looms and household goods, sailing to America with his wife and two sons. At this time, Andrew was twelve, and his brother, Thomas, was five. Arriving into New York on August 14, 1848, aboard the Wiscasset from Glasgow, the Carnegies wasted little time settling in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, where relatives already existed and were there to provide help. Allegheny City provided Carnegie’s first job, as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory, working for $1.20 a week. His father also worked there while his mother bound shoes at home, making a miniscule amount of money. Although the Carnegies lacked in money, they abounded in ideals and tr aining for their children. At age 15, Carnegie became a telegraph messenger boy in Pittsburgh. He learned to send and decipher telegraphic messages and became a telegraph operator at the age of 17. Carnegie’s next job was as a railroad clerk, working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He worked his way up the ladder, through his dedication and honest desire to succeed, to become train dispatcher and then division manager. At this time, young Carnegie, age 24, had already made some small investments that laid the foundations of his what would be tremendous fortune. One of these investments was the purchase of stock in the Woodruff Sleeping Car Company. In 1864, Carnegie entered the iron business, but did not begin to make steel until years later. In 1873, he built the Edgar Thomson works in Braddock, Pennsylvania, to make Bessemer steel. He established many other steel plants, and in 1892, he merged all of his interests into the Carnegie Steel Company. This act from Carnegie is fitting with one of his most famous quotations, "Put all of your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket." This firm became one of the greatest indu... ...fiting from Carnegie’s charity include various Carnegie museums of history, science, and art, Carnegie Hall in New York, and other public spirited organizations. Before 1919, when Carnegie died, he had given away $350,695,653, and at his death, the last $30 million was likewise given away to foundations, charities, and pensioners. He left a mark on society not only through his enormous monetary provisions, but also with his own literature. Carnegie loved to promote his ideas and opinions in print, and has written many works outlining these philosophies, including Triumphant Democracy (1886), The Gospel of Wealth (1900), The Empire of Business (1902), Problems of Today (1908), and an Autobiography (1920) (Mitzen 182). Although Carnegie only stood somewhere between 5’2" and 5’6", he "had to be a great, tough, disciplined giant of a man." His commitment to others is not only seen through his many munificent works, but in the way he lived, including his tombstone in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery of North Tarrytown, New York, where the epitaph reads, "Here lies a man who was able to surround himself with men far cleverer than himself."

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Principles of Management (Wal-Mart)

The strengths of Wal-Mart are many. First, it is its sales volume. 200 million people visit 10,800 stores weekly worldwide. Its business model of increasing sales by lowering prices works very well for them. Wal-Mart deals directly with producers from local farmers to major product manufactures. This strategy allows them to secure the lowest prices possible for their customers. Wal-Mart’s supply chain is second to none. They are constantly exploring more efficient ways to transport products to customers in order to lower prices.Wal-Mart defiantly has one of the worlds most advanced global supply networks. Variety is key to Wal-Mart. If there is profit in selling a product, Wal-Mart does it. With four hundred and sixty six billion in sales for 2012, Wal-Mart is the world’s leading retailer and generates a huge cash flow. This allows them to expand internationally as well as geographically. The grocery section has grown to account for 51% of sales. Wal-Mart is now the big gest grocer in the country. The pharmacy has grown as well. With four dollar prescriptions, they have changed the prescription drug industry.Wal-Mart is the largest private employer in the world with 2. 2 million associates worldwide. Wal-Mart tends to promote from within. Not only does this strategy help retain knowledgeable associates and managers who know Wal-Mart from top to bottom. Even with such strong growth, Wal-Mart still delivers to stock holders. First quarter dividends for 2013 were one dollar and nine cents per share, returning more than 200 million dollars to shareholders. Wal-Mart is a key component in most mutual funds. Wal-Mart’s size allows it to buy in volumes that no one else can.In general, the higher the volume the lower the price per Unit. By sticking to Sam Walton’s original business model of lower prices to create higher sales volume, Wal-Mart is a world leader in sustainability and the biggest retailer in the world. W – Weaknesses: The weaknesses of Wal-Mart include negative press coverage, which is always a weakness in retail. With a company the size of Wal-Mart, small miscues are big news. Wal-Mart needs their customers to have a positive opinion of them so they will keep coming back. With overhead the size of Wal-Mart, customers must visit regularly.Wal-Mart operates on a low profit margin. When economic conditions are poor, sales go down and affect Wal-Mart quickly. Wal-Mart buys 40% of the products it sells from foreign sources. Government instability can disrupt, or even dissolve supply to stores. Wal-Mart cannot control how well governments maintain road and ports. Poor infrastructure maintenance slows delivery and can result in lower sales. Instability can also have negative effects on currency exchange rates. These weaknesses may not have slowed Wal-Mart’s growth to date, but they will not be going away.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ O – Opportunities Wal-Mart has many opportunities in the current economy a nd is in a great position within its industry being very committed to finding opportunities to market new products and finding new ways to market old products in new ways. Wal-Mart online is constantly updated to take advantage of the growing internet market. Wal-Mart has recognized the global growth opportunity and is aggressively expanding globally in twenty eight different countries. Wal-Mart sees opportunity in its employees. Wal-Mart is a leader in internal promotion.This ensures that Wal-Mart managers are stable and knowledgeable of Wal-Mart as a whole. It is not effective in poor economies. The weather is also a constant threat. Inclement weather can close manufacturing plants, roads and stores. Heavy snows in one part of the country can close transportation routes. Destructive storms such as a hurricane can close and even destroy plants and stores. Weather related expenses and sale loss are unpredictable and always a threat. Wal-Mart is the biggest retailer in the world, mak ing it chief target for all competition.Large, existing companies need to cut into Wal-Mart’s customer base in order to grow. Wal-Mart’s customers are also being courted by new companies, especially in the internet market place. Social pressure and negative comments is also emerging as an internet threat, and Wal-Mart will have to combat it. With volume the key to success, Wal-Mart must keep a constant visual on the threats to its customer base. Conclusion The outlook for Wal-Mart, based on an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is great. With 466 billion dollars in sales for 2012, Wal-Mart’s business model must work for them.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Figure Skating

Title: Figure skating General Purpose: To inform my audience about figure skating. Specific Purpose: To teach audience the fundamental parts of figure skating Central Idea: In order to do all fantastic figure skating perform, you have to learn the most basic parts of figure skating: to lace skates, fall and get up on skates, skate forward on ice. Introduction I. Attention step: Everyone may has seen on TV the classic â€Å"scratch spin† in figure skating, where the skater draws her arms and a leg in and speeds up tremendously. II.Introduce topic: I am really excited about watching that and I wish I could spin freely on ice as well. III. Credibility statement: According to website Olympic. org, figure skating is an Olympic sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging moves on ice skates. However, in order to perform all those fantastic techniques, you have to learn the most basic parts of figure skating. IV. Pre view main points/state central idea: Today, I would like to tell you about how to lace your skates, how to fall and get up on skates, and how to skate forward on ice. Transition: First, let me tell you how to lace figure skates correctly because it will make the ice skating experience more enjoyable. ) Body I. Correct lacing of figure skates is very important and must be done a certain way. a. Loosen up the skates and stuff the feet inside the boots b. Tighten up the laces in the first half of the boot. c. Tighten the laces the most where the foot and the ankle bends. This is the most important part of lacing figure skates. Give the laces a good tug at this point and pull hard. d.Next lace around the hooks. Make a criss-cross pattern with the laces and pull with both hands around each hook e. Finish with a double knot on the lace. (Transition: Now we have put on the skates. Next, the important thing we should learn is how to fall and stand up on the ice. ) II. We should practice fal ling and getting up since falling is part of the sport so it's natural that this will happen. ) a. First bend your knees and squat into a  dip  position. b. Now, fall to the side and lean a bit forward as you fall on the ice.Don't lean back, or you may hit your head. c. Put your hands in your lap and not on the ice. If you leave your hands on the ice, another skater could skate over your fingers! d. Now, turn over on your hands and knees. e. Take one foot and place it between your hands. Leave the other foot behind and use its toe picks to stop your feet from sliding by applying pressure to your toes. f. Now, push yourself up and you should be standing on the ice! (Transition: Finally, it’s time to slide on ice. ) III. The last basic step of figure skating is sliding forward. . Put the arms, with the palms facing down, in front on an â€Å"imaginary table† for balance. b. Lean on your weak foot, for example your left foot, then push in a diagonal direction outwards with your strong foot. Pretend as though you're shoveling snow behind and to the right of you. This will propel you forward. c. Then bring the right foot back in next to the left and repeat the process. You should pretend riding a scooter down the street. d. Remember that the toe picks on figure skates are not meant to help with pushing.Use the entire blade to make the skates move. (Transition: That’s all I want to show you today, don’t forget these basic steps when you figure skate. ) Conclusion I. It’s really important to practice lacing skates, falling and standing up, skating forward. II. If you want to â€Å"scratch spin† even jump on ice, you have to master all these basic skills. Just keep in mind it takes a lot of practice and won't happen over night. Works Cited: â€Å"Figure skating†. Olympic. N. d. Web. 4 September 2006. Visual Aids: Figure skates.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The White Balloon Essays - Films, The White Balloon, Goldfish

The White Balloon Essays - Films, The White Balloon, Goldfish The White Balloon T h e W h i t e B a l l o o n Moiz Bhinderwala I. Give a short summary of the film in which you tell: - where and when the story takes place - who the main characters are protagonists and antagonists - how their lives are affected by the culture they are in The story is set in a modern Tehran just two hours before the start of the traditional Persian New Year -the first day of spring, March 21st, is New Year's Day in Iran. The whole story revolves around Raziah, a determined seven-year-old girl who wants nothing more than a certain beautiful goldfish to decorate her family's house for the New Year- (the first day of spring, March 21st, is New Year's Day in Iran) Though it's tough to convey the excitement of such a simple plot in words, her quest for the fish is surprisingly moving. This is partly because the adorable Raziah, who shouts all her lines, is so utterly appealing; and partly because the market of Tehran, where she ventures out to buy the fish with her mother's money (under strict instructions to bring back change). seems like no place for a little girl to be wandering by herself (underlines the fact about restriction on women in this culture) A sense of threat accompanies Raziah on her journey. First, some snake charmers - a bunch of men that she has been warned not to look at, by her parents - manage to separate the seven-year-old from her note. With the help of her sturdy vocal chords she manages to get the money back, only to lose it again. There's a subtle feeling that Raziah might be paddled by her parents if she doesn't get her money back - her brother, who convinced their mother to give his sister the money in the first place, shows up at one point with a black eye. The adults who surround the two children can't seem to understand how dire it is that they get their money back, but the kids themselves are quite certain of the gravity of their task. With earnest concentration, they try a variety of techniques to retrieve the bank note that has fallen through a grating into a cellar. Her search to recover the cash becomes intertwined with the lives of vendors, merchants, an indignant tailor, a friendly soldier on leave far from home, an Afghan refugee selling balloons and Raziah's own brother. The film takes place in real time, heightening the sense of living inside a child's world. Though the adults can't understand how important it is for Raziah to get her goldfish or to retrieve her money, it becomes very clear to us that these are matters of immense importance. The White Balloon conveys that deep, even timeless, childhood feeling of being thwarted at something you really want, of how something like a bowl of goldfish can be a life-or-death matter! The movie also brings out the various aspects of the Iranian Moslem culture in which the plot is set. The very fact that Raziahs parents warn her of places that girls are not supposed to go indicates that in this culture there are restrictions on girls with regards to entertainment. The scene where Raziah engages into talk with the friendly soldier, she is shown re-arranging her dress time and again, this also points out the strict dress code that women in this culture are supposed to stick to. II. As an anthropologist you are trying to understand this culture based on what you have seen in this film. - What differences are there between your culture and the culture presented in the film? I come from India, which shares an Asian culture with Iran. Moreover since my religion is Islam which is the same as the one of all the characters in the movie, it is difficult to me to narrow down the differences between my culture and the culture portrayed in the movie. However, the one differences that I noticed between the two cultures, in the movie was the dress code. Women in Iran are supposed to follow a strict dress code in which they wear longer dresses so as to cover their hands

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

TOBACC essays

TOBACC essays Lesson 1: Problems For The Tobacco User Objective: To learn the dangers of smoking. Tobacco use is a major cause of illness and death. Being in the company of smokers is risky behavior. Today, more and more people are becoming aware of the dangers of tobacco. - At least 30 million Americans have quit smoking. - An estimated 65% of doctors, 61% of dentists, and 55% of pharmacists who once smoked have now quit. - In 1965, 40% of American adults smoked, while in 1990 that figure dropped to 29%. - During the past 25 years almost half of the adults who once smoked have now given the use of tobacco. We as a whole emphasize quitting smoking or never start to smoke but still over 50 million Americans who do smoke. Every day in the US 3,000 teens start smoking - Teenage females are smoking more than ever before. - An estimated 15 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds use cigarettes. - In national samples of high school seniors, 13 percent of males and 12 percent of females describe themselves as daily smokers. - Â ¼ of high school seniors who smoke had their first cigarette by sixth grade, Â ½ by eighth grade. - Over the last 20 years, the age at which teens start to smoke has continued to fall. - According to the CDC, each year an estimated 1 billion packs of cigarettes are sold to people younger than 18-even though it is against the law in many states. - Harmful effects of smoking only occurs after years of smoking - Young people believe that they can drop the habit at any time - not a habit but an addiction With each puff of a cigarette, a smoker comes in contact with more than 4,000 chemicals, and at least 43 of these are known to cause cancer and other ailme ...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Advance reservoir petroleum engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advance reservoir petroleum engineering - Essay Example The test use both pressure drawdown and build-up tests (Gringaten, 2012). A successful test for a well ensures that a step change in rate is created. This is achieved by: closing a flowing well or injection well also referred to as build-up or falloff: by opening a well that was previously shut in (drawndown): or injecting in a previously closed well (injection). The rate change creates a pressure change in the same well during exploration or production testing but if in a different well it is called interference testing. In case of layered reservoirs, the change in rate in each individual layer is determined by production logging tool. The pan system is the software used to calculate reservoir properties. At the initial stage, a simple model for the reservoir is defined which is made more complicated when different reservoir properties are found. The best option is the simplest reservoir model that assumes a radial flow in a homogeneous, isotropic reservoir and single phase fluid at the initial stage of building the model. Calculations are simplified by adding two assumptions; outer boundary reservoir taken as the infinite acting and the constant flow rate at the well bore also referred to as the inner boundary. The report defines pressure drawdown testing and the system of determining different reservoir properties in each step. The equation (a) gives the bottom hole pressure at a constant rate in an infinite acting reservoir: When the log-log plot is defined in a pan system, the reservoir properties are easily worked on. From the Log-log curve, the effects of inner boundary (skin and wellbore storage), the early time region (ETR), radial flow in the middle time region (MTR), and the outer boundary such as faults in the late time region are seen. When the well is first opened to flow after a shut in a certain period of time, the flow rate at that moment is not from the

Friday, November 1, 2019

Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Revolution - Assignment Example They also sought to control commemorations of events marking the Revolution, politicizing memories of British colonial oppression to their purpose. Another example was the Massacre oration, which replaced the Stamp Act protest and Pope’s Day that were mainly days commemorated by the ‘mob’ (Young, 2001). The Whig leaders were able to do this because they dominated the newspapers and town meeting, had support from dissenting church clergy, and lacked any credible rivals that could sustain alternative memories of the Revolution. In the 1800s, when there was a massive shift in these commemorations towards the veterans and battles of the Revolutionary War. By the mid-1820s, jubilee commemorations of local military Revolutionary events were observed with fervor. The Whig leaders and the elites were also becoming more comfortable with commemorating war events because of the ambiguity and controversy surrounding pre-Revolution events, as well as the consensus these war commemorations brought between the leaders and the people (Young, 2001). Although the Conservatives still orchestrated Revolution-related ceremonial rituals, the popular side of the Revolution became increasingly central to the commemorations as the festive rituals became democratized. This democratization of the Revolution’s memory led to increased veneration of Revolution veterans, who had been the popular side of the Revolution. Moreover, newspapers and books began to increasingly focus their attention on the re-war revolutionary activit ies that had popularized the Revolution among the popular side in the first place (Young, 2001). Finally, this democratization of the Revolution’s memory also brought back the popular side through the subsequent new, radical movements claiming the Revolution, including the popular destruction of the tea movement. The destruction of the tea and the Revolution’s place

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

What Does It Mean to Be Well Educated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

What Does It Mean to Be Well Educated - Essay Example According to the report  education happens to be the key of professionalism in the modern society. The modern society is very dependent on education because it depends on ideologies and well organized strategies for its growth and development. This explains why people in the modern society do effort to make sure they are well educated. To be well educated is a very critical topic, the fact is that individuals are only well educated in a certain field but not in all fields. This is where professionalism and division of labor comes in; division of labor is a situation where individuals get involved in doing what they can do at their best. It is not funny to meet individuals who have specialized in medicine and cannot discuss a concept from the field of literature or individuals from the field of literature who cannot solve a simple mathematics problem. From this study it is clear that  the truth is that different education systems in the world have created monsters. This is a situation where individuals fail to perform in their field of specialization in education. There are several myths which have been developed in the field of education and they have been destructive. One myth is where education is seen as the purpose of giving someone the means of upward mobility and success. This is very wrong because it makes people even to cheat in exams because promotion in job is based on class results ending up producing literally unfit individuals who are only interested in high pay and promotion in job.

Monday, October 28, 2019

Barilla Spa A Essay Example for Free

Barilla Spa A Essay Barilla SpA, an Italian pasta manufacturer is experiencing problems in manufacturing and distribution systems caused by fluctuations in demand. To eliminate these difficulties Giorgio Maggiali, the Chief of Barilla’s Logistics Department, has been trying to implement the Just-In-Time-Distribution, further referred as JITD, system proposed by his predecessor Brando Vitali. JITD can be called a remake of popular â€Å"Just-In-Time† manufacturing concept. Although Maggiali has been trying to convince his consumers that the JITD would definitely work, he has not made much progress. The program was met with significant resistance by the distributors and Barilla’s own Sales and Marketing organizations. Now Maggiali is looking for possible solutions of the problem. In the following analysis we will provide recommendations, which will help Barilla to successfully implement the JITD system and thus decrease its costs, increase efficiencies and its profits. Introduction Barilla SpA was founded in 1975 by Pietro Barilla. From a small shop in Palma, Italy, it became a large, vertically integrated corporation with mills, plants and factories located throughout the Italy. Barilla’s success highly depended on its’ quality of product and innovative marketing programs, which created strong brand name. The company was sold to Grace Inc. in 1971, because the building of a huge plant in Perdignano drove the owners â€Å"deeply into debt†. Grace brought additional capital investment and professional manag Barilla SpA Case Study The biggest challenge facing Giorgio Maggiali and Barilla SpA is the mounting burden that fluctuations of demand have placed on Barillas’ manufacturing and distribution methods, and whether or not to implement a Just-in-Time Distribution (JITD) system for their distributers. The implementation of Just in Time Distribution would allow for a more efficient process for getting the products to the end user when and where they are needed. Solution #1: To implement Just in Time Distribution. For this to succeed, Mr. Maggiali as the director of logistics for Barilla will need to be personally and intimately involved and partner with Mr. DiMaria who is in charge of sales for Barilla and to obtain the support from their own sales reps. Barilla will need to pull the sales reps in for training on how implementing JITD would benefit their accounts, Barilla SpA and themselves. The sales reps will need to â€Å"sell† their customers on this idea and to shift the mentality of their distributers away from â€Å"this is the way we have always done it† and for them to be amiable to exploring new and more efficient ways to replenish their stock. Pro: Barilla would more easily be able to control their manufacturing process and greatly reduce production overruns and stock outs thus enable to pass cost savings onto their distributors. Con: Resistance from the distributors to change may continue. Their distributer may ask â€Å"why is that a concern of mine? † I just want the product I want when I want it. Con: Will incur costs to purchase or develop software needed to gather and correlate sales information. Pro: The initial cost for software development will be offset by savings in lost sales opportunity, reductions in buybacks and an overall increase in productivity and sales. Barilla already has much of the needed data pertaining to sales to the distributers. Con: Customers may be resistant to providing their sales and customer base data to Barilla. Pro: Barilla Sp Company Overview Barilla Spa is a large vertically integrated family owned largest pasta producer in Italy. Its operations are divided into seven divisions: three Pasta divisions, the bakery products division, the Fresh Bread division, the Catering division and the International division. Barilla products were sold through three types of retail outlet: small independent grocers, supermarket chains, and independent supermarkets. Products were sold through CDCs and through intermediate distribution channels. Fresh products were sold through a network of brokers. Inventory levels in the supply were high with larger levels of stock held for dry pasta since its shelf life was high as compared to wet pasta. Barilla enjoyed a strong brand image in Italy. Its marketing and sales strategy was based upon a combination of advertising and promotions. Also distributors can buy as much product as they want to for meeting their demand at the discount offered by the company. Barilla produced two major kinds of products:- a) Dry Products- These include dry pasta, cookies, biscuits, flour, bread sticks and dry toasts. These make 75% of the Barilla sales. They had long shelf lives of 18-24 months or medium shelf lives of 10-12 weeks depending on the product type. b) Fresh products- These include fresh pasta products with 21 day shelf life and bread with 1 day shelf life. Issues Faced The company was suffering from the following problems: 1. Variability in demand- This lead to operational inefficiencies on the part of the company. 2. Inventory Management- The company produced over 800 SKUs, most of which had long or medium shelf lives, thus could be easily stored up at the company warehouse or with the distributors. During periods of low demand, high inventory holding costs had to be incurred. 3. Stock outs- This was one of the major problems which Barilla faced. Many of the distributors were not able to cater to the demands of the retailers during times of high demand. This time B Thoughts on Supply Chain Management The JITD program was supposed to tackle the uneven distribution workload Barilla encountered with its distributors. In order to achieve this, better demand forecast was needed with the support of the distributors. Benefits of the program are below. Barilla’s own logistics organization would be allowed to specify the appropriate delivery quantities that would more effectively meet the end consumer’s needs It would also allow Barilla to distribute the workload on manufacturing and logistics systems more evenly Drawbacks of the program are below. Higher investment costs such as training Since JITD is a new concept, and has not tried out before, there is a risk that serious errors may occur during the implementation process, and this would ruin all previous efforts The value chain consists of five major components, and it can be represented as SIPOC, where S is Supplier, I Input, P Production, O Output and C Customer. Between C and P, there are also the distributors, wholesalers and retailers. It is almost impossible to develop an accurate sales forecast because the market is constantly changing. Factors affecting the market situation are also changing. Without an accurate sales forecast, it is difficult to achieve JIT. This is basically a paradox. No enterprise is able to develop an accurate sales forecast, and without an accurate sales forecast, it is not possible to achieve JIT. Is there really no way out? How about Dell? Dell basically builds computers on a BTO (build-to-order) basis, and this makes JIT possible. But how many enterprises can really deliver products on a BTO basis? What are the requirements to produce on a BTO basis? Barilla definitely was not one of them. Communication here is the critical success factor. The supplier, in this case, Barilla, has to collect information from the distributor, and the distributor has to be able to collect information from the wholesaler, and then the wholesaler has to d